Hypertension is a disease of persistently high blood pressure, which can cause stroke, heart disease, hemangioma, kidney failure and other diseases. A systemic disease with functional or organic changes, which can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. There are many reasons for the onset of hypertension, which can be divided into two aspects: genetic and environmental. In the absence of antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure ≥ 139mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 89mmHg, hypertension is divided into grades 1, 2, and 3 according to blood pressure levels. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90mmHg are classified as isolated systolic hypertension. The patient has a history of hypertension in the past and is currently taking antihypertensive drugs. Although the blood pressure is lower than 140/90mmHg, it should be diagnosed as hypertension.
According to the priority of onset and the progress of the disease, it can be divided into slow-progressive type and rapid-progressive type, with slow-progressive type being more common.
Progressive hypertension
(1) Early manifestations: Most of them are asymptomatic in the early stage, and occasionally appear during physical examination.
Increased blood pressure, or dizziness, headache, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, fatigue, inattention and other symptoms after mental stress, emotional excitement or fatigue may be caused by advanced mental dysfunction. In the early stage, the blood pressure only rises temporarily, and as the disease progresses, the blood pressure continues to rise, and the organs are involved.
(2) Brain manifestations: headache and dizziness are common. It is mostly induced by emotional agitation, fatigue, climate change or withdrawal of antihypertensive drugs. A sudden increase in blood pressure. Severe headache, visual impairment, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, coma, transient hemiplegia, aphasia, etc.
(3) Cardiac manifestations: In the early stage, the heart function is compensated, and the symptoms are not obvious. In the later stage, the heart function is decompensated, and heart failure occurs.
(4) Kidney manifestations: Long-term hypertension causes renal arteriosclerosis. When renal function declines, it can cause nocturia, polyuria, protein, casts and red blood cells in the urine. Low urine concentration function, phenol red excretion and urea clearance disorders. Azotemia and uremia occurred.
Rapidly progressive hypertension
Also known as malignant hypertension, it accounts for 1% of hypertension. It can change suddenly from the slow progressive type, and it can also be onset. Malignant hypertension can occur at any age, but it is most common in 30-40 years old. The blood pressure increased obviously, and the diastolic blood pressure was mostly above 17.3Kpa (130mmHg), and there were symptoms such as fatigue, thirst, and polyuria. Rapid loss of vision, retinal hemorrhage and exudation, often bilateral papilledema. Rapid proteinuria, hematuria and renal insufficiency. Heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy and hypertensive crisis can also occur, and the course of the disease progresses rapidly and most of them die from uremia.
Stages of Hypertension:
Phase I: The blood pressure reaches the level of diagnosed hypertension, and there are no clinical signs of heart, brain, or kidney damage.
The second stage: blood pressure reached the level of diagnosed hypertension, and one of the following: ①Physical examination, X-ray, electrocardiogram or echocardiography showed left ventricle enlargement. ②Fundus examination showed widespread or partial stenosis of fundus arteries. ③ slightly increased proteinuria or plasma creatinine concentration.
The third stage: blood pressure reached the level of diagnosed hypertension, and one of the following: ①cerebral hemorrhage or hypertensive encephalopathy. ② Heart failure. ③ Renal failure. ④ Fundus hemorrhage or exudation, with or without papilledema. ⑤ Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis.
There are many treatment methods for high blood pressure, but you need to choose according to your specific situation.
Lifestyle intervention: dietary adjustment, physical exercise, weight loss and other lifestyle interventions can effectively reduce blood pressure. For example, increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and other foods rich in fiber and potassium, reduce salt, greasy and sugar-rich foods; moderate amount of aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, swimming, etc.
Drug therapy: Drug therapy is one of the important means of hypertension management, which needs to be selected according to individual conditions. Commonly used drugs include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, etc. These drugs lower blood pressure through different mechanisms.
Nerve blockade: Nerve blockade may be considered in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension. This operation is mainly to reduce the activity of sympathetic nerves by destroying the carotid sinus or renin-releasing cells, thereby lowering blood pressure.
Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment is generally suitable for patients with hypertension accompanied by other complications or difficult to control. For example, renal artery stenosis, pheochromocytoma and other conditions require surgical treatment.
It should be emphasized that hypertension is a chronic disease that requires multifaceted intervention and long-term management during treatment, and patients should carry out a systematic treatment plan under the guidance of a doctor.
A sphygmomanometer is a device for measuring blood pressure, and its importance is very significant. Here are a few important things about blood pressure monitors:
Early diagnosis of high blood pressure: High blood pressure is a common chronic disease, but the early symptoms are not obvious. If there is no sphygmomanometer measurement, high blood pressure is likely to be ignored. By monitoring blood pressure regularly with a sphygmomanometer, high blood pressure can be detected early so that timely measures can be taken to intervene.
Help control high blood pressure: For patients who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure, a sphygmomanometer can help patients monitor blood pressure changes, help understand the effects of drug treatment and lifestyle intervention, and adjust treatment plans in time.
Prevention of cardiovascular disease: Hypertension is one of the independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Using a sphygmomanometer can detect and control high blood pressure early, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Promote health management: Since the sphygmomanometer can be conveniently used at home, we can regularly measure blood pressure independently under the guidance of a doctor. This way of health management can help promote self-monitoring and management of patients, making the treatment of hypertension and related diseases more effective and standardized.
Therefore, A blood pressure monitor are very important to our health, and it is recommended that every family prepare a blood pressure monitor. When using a blood pressure monitor measurement should be carried out at least once a year, and the measurement results should be recorded, so that doctors can have a comprehensive understanding of the patient's blood pressure.